Modeling and Remodeling Theory Essay

Nursing as a discipline follows certain rules or general procedures in their practice. Usually, the nursing process involves five phases starting with the assessment of the patient’s condition, followed by a diagnosis meant to identify the health problem of the patient. Afterwards, a planning phase would ensue wherein the nurse and the patient would discuss the possible course of action with respect to the patient’s condition. When an agreement was made, the process would proceed to the implementing phase in which goal/s would be set and achieved. The final phase known as the evaluation phase happens when the goals are being achieved to identify whether the plan was successfully followed or to identify why the goals were not achieved in case of failure. Overall, the whole nursing process had been known as ADPIE. It was regarded as a step-by-step approach in the nursing profession aimed at solving the patients’ problem (Keogh and Richards, 2008). Nursing, like other body of knowledge, encounters several forms of knowledge. Haynes and colleagues cited Carper’s fundamental patterns of knowing to summarize what knowledge are incorporated in the nursing process. According to Carper, it involves empirical knowing which is observable and uses scientific data, information and processes. Next on Carper’s list was aesthetic knowing, which reflects the claim about nursing as a form of art that involves empathy, care and compassion (Haynes and colleagues, 2003). Another type of knowing is ethical knowing, that deals with decision-making regarding morality such as what the right thing to do and what must be done? The last type was personal knowing which involves the personal values and beliefs that can help nurses grasp meaning and create decisions required in their profession. When Erickson and colleagues devised the Modelling and Role Modelling Theory of nursing, they took into consideration what nurses do and how they do it (Haynes and colleagues, 2003). They incorporate various philosophies and approaches into their theory which results into a more integrative approach. It resolved the conflict between nursing as a science or an art by infusing them into a single paradigm. The MRM theory was affected by prominent thinkers such as Maslow who identified human needs, Piaget with his idea of psychosocial development, Erickson, Winnicott and colleagues and their concept of loss and Selye and Engel who identified the individual’s responses to stress and its causes. From their ideas, Erickson and colleagues came up with the Adaptive Potential Assessment Model or APAM (Alligood and Tomey, 2006). In this model, nurses would first engage in modeling the client’s world by understanding the client’s experiences through the client’s perspective. This will be followed by role-modeling wherein the nurse would create plans and design possible interventions depending on the client’s unique needs. Role-modeling requires the â€Å"acceptance of the client while promoting development based on the client’s own model (Alligood and Tomey, 2006)†. Adaptation concerns how the client reacts to stressors. The APAM model distinguished three states in the process of adaptation: arousal, impoverishment and equilibrium. The APAM model helps the nurses to predict the â€Å"client’s potential to cope and mobilize self-care resources in response to stress (Alligood and Tomey, 2006)†. Self-care, typically involves making use of the patient’s â€Å"knowledge, resources and action† to improve his condition (Alligood and Tomey, 2006). MRM theory makes use and reflects Carper’s fundamental patterns of knowing. It promotes the role of the nursing as an art while utilizing scientific and social theories that expand the role of nurses by giving them authority to interpret and analyze the patient’s condition based on personal knowledge. The plan and implementation depends on the nurse’s relationship, acceptance and impression of the client. Overall, the MRM theory modified the nursing process by assimilating the patient’s needs and reaction into the nursing process.

Soy Protein Substitutes in Meat Products essays

Soy Protein Substitutes in Meat Products essays For the past couple of year the number of Americans that are overweight keeps increasing. Today fifty five percent of Americans are overweight. Because of this unhealthy trent the media, researchers, doctors and specialists have been educating and informing the population that eating a healthy diet is beneficial for the body in many ways. As a result of the growing awareness of the benefits of eating a healthy diet today's consumers have become more health-conscious than ever before. When researchers and scientists talk about a healthy diet they emphasize on cutting back on a diet high in animal fat, which increases one's risk for osteoporsis according to a study done at the University of California in San Francisco (shape magazine Nov. 2001) and focusing on a plant-based diet, which has many health benefits such as reducing the risk of heart disease, protecting against breast and prostate cancer, and helps in the prevention of osteoporosis. The focus on a plant-based diet has sti mulated the interest in soy products in the United States. Dana Jacobi states that soy is a complete vegetarioan protein derived from soybeans that has been consumed by people in Asian countries for thousands of years. This protein is considered "complete" because it contains all eight amino acids (protein building blocks) that are essential (cannot be made by the human body) to maintain healthy cells in the human body. "Recently soy has been gaining recognition and popularity as the American population learns more about its potential health benefits. In Octover of 1999 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the "heart healthy" claim on soy protein products." The FDA put this claim on soy because it can reduce the risk of heart disease, which is the leading cause of deaths in the United States, can help protect the immune system, ward off heart attacks, strokes, osteoporosis, diabetes, and kidney disease. Soy is also an excellent sou...

Free Essays on Teen Suicide

According to Dr. Phil Devons a psychiatrist affiliated with the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, suicide among young people nationwide has increased dramatically in recent years. Each year in the United States, thousands of teenagers commit suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds, and the sixth leading cause of death for 5 to 14 year olds. I have worked as a counselor for fourteen years, two years on the high school level, two years on the middle school level, and ten years on the elementary level. In all my years of servicing youth and teenagers, I have come to realize that not only adults, but teenagers experience strong feelings of stress, confusion, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainly, and other fears while growing up. For some teenagers, divorce, the formation of a new family with step-parents and step-siblings, or moving to a new community can be very unsettling and can intensify self-doubt. For some teens, suicide may appear to be a solution to their problems and stress. In working with troubled teens, I have learned that depression and suicidal feelings are treatable mental disorders. This treatment is possible if the symptoms are recognized, diagnosed, and the appropriate plans are put in place to begin the treatment. It is necessary that a psychiatric examination be done if a parent is in doubt and she notices drastic mood changes and serious problems. The students I have worked with came from several social backgrounds. Some students had two parent households and financially stable. Some students had one parent households, female or male, some students were being raised by their grandparents, some by uncles or aunts, some by siblings and some by foster parents. In all of these families, no matter what the make up or support system was, there was a failure in the process of the child’s development. Each child I had the privilege to... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Free Essays on Teen Suicide According to Dr. Phil Devons a psychiatrist affiliated with the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, suicide among young people nationwide has increased dramatically in recent years. Each year in the United States, thousands of teenagers commit suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds, and the sixth leading cause of death for 5 to 14 year olds. I have worked as a counselor for fourteen years, two years on the high school level, two years on the middle school level, and ten years on the elementary level. In all my years of servicing youth and teenagers, I have come to realize that not only adults, but teenagers experience strong feelings of stress, confusion, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainly, and other fears while growing up. For some teenagers, divorce, the formation of a new family with step-parents and step-siblings, or moving to a new community can be very unsettling and can intensify self-doubt. For some teens, suicide may appear to be a solution to their problems and stress. In working with troubled teens, I have learned that depression and suicidal feelings are treatable mental disorders. This treatment is possible if the symptoms are recognized, diagnosed, and the appropriate plans are put in place to begin the treatment. It is necessary that a psychiatric examination be done if a parent is in doubt and she notices drastic mood changes and serious problems. The students I have worked with came from several social backgrounds. Some students had two parent households and financially stable. Some students had one parent households, female or male, some students were being raised by their grandparents, some by uncles or aunts, some by siblings and some by foster parents. In all of these families, no matter what the make up or support system was, there was a failure in the process of the child’s development. Each child I had the privilege to... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Some people think the only way out is to end their life. They aren’t realizing how badly they will be missed. It can be started by just cutting but that is not enough soon, they just want to end all of the hurt, pain, and anything else in their life. There have been more teens committing suicide than that anybody being killed by AIDS, smoking, drunk drivers, crashes put together. That is pretty bad that teens were brought into this world and they do not even value or care about their lives. Suicidal people, like all of us need love, understanding and care, you can not just say, â€Å"Well if your thinking about suicide or going to do it, then, I am not going to get in the middle of it or even be around you anymore.† Then they are more likely to do it when no one will talk to them or be friends with them. People usually do not ask â€Å"others if they are considering suicide† directly to their faces, but, they may behind their back. Isolating suicidal people increases the isolation they feel and they likelihood that they may attempt suicide. Asking if they are feeling suicidal has the effect of giving them permission to feel the way they do, which reduces their isolation. If they are feeling suicidal, they may see that someone else is beginning to understand how they feel. Do not try to â€Å"rescue† them or take their responsibilities onto yourself, or be a hero and try to handle the situation on your own. You can be the most help by referring them to someone equipped to offer them the help they need, while you continue to support them and remember that what happens is ultimately their responsibility. Get yourself some support too, as you try to get support for them. Do not try to save the world on your own shoulders because then chances are you might start to feel the same way they do and not realize it. If you are wondering, no you are not at risk. Having thought beforehand of several people to approach would hel... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Teenage Suicide Our future depends on our young generations. When the world looses such smart, innocent and pure souls, it is always a tragedy. Suicide is defined as â€Å"the act of intentionally taking one’s own life† (Hayward and Sparkes, 1984). It is almost impossible to explain an action such as suicide, but the research shows that the psychological answer mostly lies in the person’s mind. Teenagers often have difficulties going through the phase of developing and maturity during which they might experience stresses, depression; therefore, mental problems. These factors might lead some teenagers to commit suicide. The most important questions in these cases would be: What kind of influence can the society bring to teenagers’ inner world to make them feel suicidal and what can the society do to prevent it? What are the links from depression to suicide? How can the factors of non seriously taken treatment and/or a mental illness lead to suicide? The biggest influences on a child’s brain are the parents and friends. Teenagers require a lot of attention, care and support. It is always difficult to grow up in the house with divorced parents. According to one study â€Å"90% of suicidal teenagers believed that their families did not understand them†. It is also known that â€Å"women, who were physically or emotionally abused as children were most likely to have mental problems, suffer from depression and to have attempted suicide†. (American Psychiatric Association) Another fact is the relationship with people of the same age whether in or outside of school. Out of all the people, friends can help the most in the situations of suicide. It is necessary to talk to the person and not to be afraid to say the word †suicide†. By being open with a friend it is easier to show care ness, love and support. As for the suicidal teenager it’s important to feel that no matter how terrible the situatio n is, somebody will be always there... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Teen Suicide Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teens overall (2). Kids, no matter color, size, or shape may become a victim of suicide. Today in our society, teens are not getting the help that they need before they consider the thought of suicide. To help you realize how important this issue is, think about this, for every two homicides in the U.S. there are three suicides (2). In high school a kid can look or act like nothing is bothering him but nobody can really tell what he or she is thinking. Maybe they’re sick of their lives, or nothing good is ever happening to them and that is when a kid can become a danger to himself or herself. Kids will not think about getting help from a teacher or counselor because they don’t know how to talk about it or their afraid of the outcomes. A kid should not have to commit suicide to show that his or her lives are not going right. In one recent survey of high school students, 60% said they had thought about killing themselves for a numerous reasons, and almost 9% said they have tried at least once (1). Yes, 60% said they only thought about it, but what keeps it only a thought and not reality? So what causes a teen to commit suicide? On major thing that could push them to the edge are family problems. The divorce rate today is roughly around 50% and it is hitting kids harder and harder. Each child will take their parents divorce a different way. Some may just be sad but gone on with their life, others will take it so hard they feel they have no ambition to live anymore. Maybe it isn’t divorce in the family, maybe its lack of love from the parents. A kid can build emptiness in them when their parents don’t make time for them or aren’t involved in their children’s lives. All of that emptiness can grow into a reason for suicide. Another important reason is the pressures of high school. Some kids can receive so much pressure to get good grades, be a ...

About the F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet

About the F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet The F-22 Raptor is America’s premier air-to-air combat fighter jet that can also perform air-to-ground operations. It is built by Lockheed Martin. The U.S. Air Force has 137 F-22 Raptors in use. The Raptor is the top air combat fighter jet in the world and is designed to dominate the air. Development of the F-22 began in the mid-1980’s at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Production of the F-22 began in 2001 with full production starting in 2005. The last F-22 was delivered in 2012. Each Raptor has a life span of 40 years. Unique Features of the F-22 Raptor Lockheed’s development partners include Boeing  and Pratt Whitney. Pratt Whitney builds the engine for the fighter. Boeing builds the F-22 airframe. The Raptor has advanced stealth capability to elude enemy aircraft and missiles. The stealth capability means the Raptor’s radar image is as small as a bumblebee. The sensor system gives the F-22 pilot a 360-degree view of the battlefield around the plane. It also has very advanced sensor, radar and electronics allowing it to locate, track and shoot down enemy aircraft. The two engines have 35,000 pounds of thrust each allowing it to cruise above 50,000 feet at Mach 2 speeds. The engines have afterburners for increased speed and directional nozzles for maneuverability. A sophisticated information and diagnostic system allows for paperless maintenance and faster turnaround. Capabilities The F-22 Raptor gives the U.S. air superiority world-wide as there is no other fighter aircraft that can match its capabilities. The F-22 has the ability to fly at over 50,000 feet at Mach 2 speeds and for 1600 nautical miles. Carrying an impressive arsenal of weapons the F-22 can take out enemy aircraft quickly and control the skies. It can then be converted by changing the weapons carried to perform ground attacks. The Raptor has secure communications capability from one F-22 to another F-22. A single pilot controls the aircraft as he has a 360 view of the battlefield around the plane and a wide array of sensors tracking other aircraft in the area. This allows the aircraft to know where enemy aircraft are in the area before they can see the Raptor. When carrying ground mode weapons the Raptor has two 1,000 JDAM’s that can be deployed. It can also carry up to eight smaller diameter bombs. Maintenance on the Raptor is paperless and has a predictive maintenance system to repair parts before they break. Weapons on Board The F-22 Raptor can be configured for either air combat or ground combat. Weapons carried for air combat: one 20mm M61A-2 six barrel rotary cannon and 480 rounds with ammunition feed system capable of 100 rounds per secondsix AIM-120C air-to-air missilestwo AIM-9 Sidewinder heat seeking missiles Ground combat weapon configuration: two 1,000 pound JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munitionstwo AIM-120C air-to-air missilestwo AIM-9T Sidewinder missiles Specifications Engines two Pratt Whitney F119-PW-100 engines with 35,000 pounds maximum thrust (similar engine as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter)Range 1600 nautical miles using just internal fuelFuel carries 18,000 pounds of fuel and can be refueled while in flight. Wing mounted fuel tanks can be added to carry an additional 8,000 pounds of fuelLength 62.1 feetHeight 16.7 feetWingspan 44 feet 6 inchesCrew size oneWeight over 43,000 pounds empty and 83,500 pounds fully loadedMaximum speed Mach 2Ceiling over 50,000 feetApproximate cost $143 million each Deployed Units Squadrons of F-22’s are deployed at: three squadrons in Virginiathree squadrons in Alaskatwo squadrons in New MexicoF-22’s are also based in Hawaii and the Middle Easttraining, maintenance and tactical work are performed in Florida, Nevada and California

What's in an X-ray Room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What's in an X-ray Room - Essay Example An X-ray table is equally important to position the patient according to the body part that needs to be radiographed. This is likewise important to put patients in the most comfortable position, especially those who are not mobile and could not stand or walk, while doing radiographic procedures. Finally, X-ray shields and gowns are â€Å"physical barriers designed to provide protection from the effects of ionizing radiation; also, the technology of providing such protection† (McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering, 2002, par. 1). As emphasized, it is crucial and important for the â€Å"protection of human life (which) is the goal of radiation shielding. In other instances, protection may be required for structural materials which would otherwise be exposed to high-intensity radiation, or for radiation-sensitive materials such as photographic film and certain electronic components† (McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering, 2002, par.

Nietzsche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Nietzsche - Essay Example Before interpreting the essay, one should also put it into context. This essay was written when Nietzsche himself was sick. He was a medical orderly in the Franco-Prussian War and he contracted several diseases during his duty. As his health declined, his works became more prolific, probably because he had more time to think. It is worthwhile to note that Nietzsche was the father of â€Å"nihilism†. With Germany unified at his time, it was understandable that his nation was quite optimistic about science and knowledge and their future. Nietzsche prophetically noted that the German’s fanatic optimism, nationalism and religiosity (Christianity; most were Anti-Semitic) would lead the nation to war. Nietzsche was never a believer of absolutes. He has a quote, â€Å"You have your way. I have my way. As for the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist†. On the Genealogy of Morals is an essay the traces the â€Å"origin† or â€Å"genealogy† of these morals. It is a critique of the modern people’s moral judgments and it is made up of three essays, using the genealogical method which examines the origin of some of these moral beliefs and the quality of life that the modern man leads. The Genealogy of Morals calls for suspension of certain beliefs in certain truths, and as this is a critique for morals, it calls for the reader to suspend some of the assumptions that he has pertaining to morals. For Nietzsche, some things have different meanings at different times and The Genealogy of Morals attempts to explain certain things the evolution certain things have undergone, especially morals. In a society, for instance, morals are treated as something sacred by virtue of values and religion. However, these morals are never absolute as their meanings are dynamic and may change depending on a situation. Hence, Nietzsche does not believe on reality because it may change any moment, as they are only socially constructed (and society is also

Old School Culture and a New Principal Research Paper

Old School Culture and a New Principal - Research Paper Example Even the need was initially filled by teachers themselves or principal teachers, but later most principals stopped teaching because of the increased demand for their time to be spent in the fulfillment of management responsibilities. While schools were continuing to grow, principal teachers became full-time administrators in most schools. The school principal is holding the top most position in the administration of elementary, middle and high school. The purpose of this study is to analyze the given case and to conclude an idea about the impact of new principal in the field of school culture, to enumerate the consequences of approaches of a principal towards the factors which directly or indirectly influence the school culture, especially in the rules and procedures and to portrait the vivid behavioral pattern of a principal as he is a good leader. It tries to portrait the school culture and to analyze the plan in relate with professional growth. School Principal as organizational administrator and academic leader The overall culture of an institution is directly linked with principals, so they were responsible for building maintenance, public relations, financial operations, student personality and growth, school policy regarding discipline, coordination of the instructional program, scholastic and co-scholastic area of curriculum and other overall school matters. The culture is a complex term which includes moral belief, customs, knowledge, art, laws and any other habits and capabilities attained by human beings as a member of society (Prus R.C, 1997, p, 28). Normally, an identical set of morale and belief, especially those with which educator deals with can be termed as a strong culture. To be a culture as a positive one the morale, value and belief should be in a harmonious with empirical evidence and other factors having the good knowledge base (Kowalski, 2003). The principal should have a good leadership quality so he has to lead the others to attain their group goal and the level to whi ch the principal keeps to maintain a collaborative relationship with school staff. The principal must aware about prevailing condition with which ancestors guided and sustained the institute and its culture. The sudden changes, even it is necessary in the succession of years with innovative phase, may badly affect the co-workers and friends also. Without question, revamping culture of an institute having the long run history is the most terrifying task in climate change. Underlying shared costumes and believes that influence behavior often are very difficult to identify either because the coworkers are unwilling to talk about them or because they may unable to do so (Kowalski T J et al, 2007. p,27). He or she must be vigilant on his surroundings to make all as supportive for him in his succession with the positive changes especially in affaires relating to teachers, student, parents and community at whole. A slight derail may results in to an explosion due to depending on living mat ter other than in life less matters. Case Study Reflection: 1. Factors that contributed to the conflict between a majority of the teachers and Principal Lettimore. Lettimore is a newly appointed principal of Oliver Wendell Holmes Elementary School located in a fading urban area in the large California school district. Even though he had long experiences as principal in other high standard schools of the same district, he faced a sturdy conflict from majority of his staff and co-workers, mainly from teachers, due to the following factors: Resistance to change: John Lettimore adopted a change in the rules with which the school had